What Is Trachoma?
Trachoma is a bacterial infection caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide. Trachoma primarily affects people living in remote areas, where access to clean water and sanitation, and education on these subjects is limited. It spreads through direct contact with infected eyes or nose secretions, contaminated items like towels and flies that land on the face.
The Progression of Trachoma
Trachoma develops in stages:
- Inflammatory Phase: Repeated infections cause swelling and irritation of the inner eyelid.
- Scarring: Chronic infection leads to scarring on the inner eyelid, which can pull eyelashes inward.
- Trichiasis: Eyelashes turn inward and scratch the cornea, causing pain and discomfort.
- Corneal Opacity: Repeated scratching damages the cornea, leading to irreversible blindness.
Symptoms of Trachoma
Early symptoms include:
- Redness and swelling of the eyelids.
- Discharge from the eyes.
- Irritation or the sensation of something in the eye.
As it progresses, individuals may experience:
- Pain from trichiasis.
- Decreased vision.
Treatment and Prevention
The World Health Organisation (WHO) has established the SAFE strategy to combat trachoma:
- Surgery: To correct eyelid deformities caused by trichiasis.
- Antibiotics: Mass distribution of antibiotics like azithromycin to clear infection.
- Facial Cleanliness: Promoting hygiene practices to reduce transmission.
- Environmental Improvement: Ensuring access to clean water and proper sanitation.
Humanity Direct’s eye tests help’s detect trachoma and its surgical programmes provide safe surgery to treat trachoma, improving the lives of those affected by this preventable condition. With timely intervention and community health initiatives, trachoma can be eradicated, restoring vision and hope for countless children in Uganda.