What Is Glaucoma?
Glaucoma is a group of eye conditions that damage the optic nerve, the crucial link between the eye and the brain that enables vision. It’s most commonly caused by an increase in intraocular pressure (pressure inside the eye), which can occur when the fluid that flows in and out of the eye does not drain properly. Over time, this elevated pressure damages the optic nerve, leading to vision loss. If left untreated, glaucoma can result in blindness.
Types of Glaucoma
- Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: The most common type, it develops slowly over time and is often symptomless in the early stages.
- Angle-Closure Glaucoma: A less common but more severe form that occurs when the drainage angle between the iris and cornea becomes blocked. This can lead to a rapid rise in intraocular pressure, causing sudden symptoms like eye pain, nausea, and blurred vision.
- Secondary Glaucoma: Caused by an underlying condition such as inflammation, trauma, or diabetes.
- Congenital Glaucoma: A rare form present at birth due to abnormal eye development.
Symptoms of Glaucoma
Glaucoma is often called the “silent thief of sight” because it can develop without noticeable symptoms in its early stages. As it progresses, people may experience:
- Loss of peripheral (side) vision.
- Eye pain or pressure.
- Redness in the eye.
- Blurred vision or halos around lights.
Treatment and Prevention
Early detection is vital. Regular eye exams can identify glaucoma before significant vision loss occurs. Treatments aim to reduce intraocular pressure and may include:
- Eye Drops: To lower fluid production or improve drainage.
- Laser Treatment: To enhance fluid outflow.
- Surgery: In advanced cases to create new drainage pathways.
Organisations like Humanity Direct work to improve access to eye care, including glaucoma detection and treatment, in areas of Uganda where healthcare access limited is limited by finances and geographical access. Glaucoma can be managed effectively if detected early, preserving vision and quality of life.